"Alif, Lam, Mim. Romans have been defeated, in the nearest country and they are after the defeat they will win, in recent years (again). For Allah affairs before and after (they won)." (Qur'an, 30:1-4)
These verses were revealed about the year 620 AD, almost seven years after the great defeat of Christian Byzantium at the hands of the Persians, when the Byzantines lost Jerusalem. Then narrated in these verses that Byzantium in the near future wins. In fact, Byzantium had then suffered the defeat of so much that seemed impossible for him to maintain his existence, let alone win again. Not only the Persians, but also Avars, Slavs, and Lombards became a serious threat to the Byzantine Empire. Avars had come to reach the boundary walls of Constantinople. Byzantine emperor, Heraclius, had ordered the gold and silver in the church is melted and used the money to finance the army. Many governors revolted against Emperor Heraclius and the Empire and is located at the point of collapse. Mesopotamia, Cilicia, Syria, Palestine, Egypt and Armenia, which was originally ruled by the Byzantines, invaded by the Persians. (Warren Treadgold, A History of the Byzantine State and Society, Stanford University Press, 1997, s. 287-299.)
In short, everyone thought the Byzantine Empire will collapse. But right at that moment, the first verses revealed Surat Ar Rum and announcing that Byzantium would triumph in a few + years. This victory seemed so impossible that the Arab idolaters make this paragraph as the object of derision. They believe that victory is proclaimed the Qur'an would never come true.
Approximately seven years after the revelation of Surat Ar Rum first paragraph is, in December 627 AD, the decisive war between the Byzantine Empire and Persia in Nineveh. And this time, the Byzantine army unexpectedly defeated the Persians. A few months later, the Persians had to make an agreement with Byzantium, which obliged them to return the territory they took from the Byzantines. (Warren Treadgold, A History of the Byzantine State and Society, Stanford University Press, 1997, s. 287-299.)
Finally, the "victory of the Romans" announced by God in the Qur'an, miraculously came true.
Another miracle revealed in these verses is the announcement of a geographical fact that could not be found by anyone at that time.
In the third paragraph Surat Ar Rum, it was reported that the Romans had been defeated in the lowest area on earth. The phrase "Adnal Ardli" in Arabic, is defined as "a nearby place" in many translations. But this is not the literal meaning of the sentence, but more of an interpretation of it. The word "Adna" in Arabic derived from the word "Dani", meaning "low" and "Ardl" which means "earth". Therefore, the expression "Adnal Ardli" means "the lowest place on earth".
The most interesting, important stages in the battle between the Byzantine Empire and Persia, when the Byzantines were defeated and lost Jerusalem, actually occurred at the lowest point on earth. This meant that the region is the Dead Sea basin, which lies at the meeting point of the territory held by Syria, Palestine and Jordan. "Dead Sea", located 395 meters below sea level, is the lowest area on earth.
This means that the Byzantines were defeated in the lowest part of the earth, exactly as stated in this paragraph.
The most interesting fact is that the height of the Dead Sea could only be measured with modern measurement techniques. Previously, it was impossible for anyone to knows that this is the lowest region on Earth's surface. However, in the Qur'an, the area was declared as the lowest point on earth. Thus, this provides further evidence that the Qur'an is divine revelation.
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